Ontology versioning on the semantic web semantic scholar. Semantic networks introduction to ontologies and semantic. The resulting merged ontology then serves as an inferential medium within which translation can occur. Introduction the world wide web has the potential to become a primary source for storing and accessing linguistic data, including data of the sort that are routinely collected by. Semantic web ontology langauge owl and its extension semantic web rule language swrl and semantic web logic language swrlfolare some of the most important outputs from the sw activities. Future extensions chapter 4 a semantic web primer 3 requirements for ontology languages zontology languages. Understand how semantic technologies promote data portability with a simple, abstract model for knowledge representation become familiar with semantic standards, such as the resource description framework rdf and the web ontology language owl make use of semantic programming techniques to both enrich and simplify current web applications. If the semantic web vision 1 is to be realized, a sound and principled means of representing and reasoning with uncertainty will be required.
The semantic web vision articulated in a scientific american article by tim bernerslee, james hendler and ora lassila may 2001. Semantic web web of things processed by machines search in not based on word matching but on related. The recognition of the importance of ontologies for the semantic web has led to the revolution and extension of the current web markup languages surveyed here. It has its roots in the daml service ontology damls released in 2001, and became a w3c candidate recommendation in 2005. Some of them are based on xml syntax, such as ontology exchange language.
Ontology learning for the semantic web uni koblenzlandau. Therefore, the success of the semantic web depends predominantly on the proliferation of ontologies, which requires fast and easy engineering of ontology and avoidance of a knowledge acquisition bottleneck. Bridging the gap between semantic web and networked sensors. This tutorial is extracted from the introductory chapter of the dissertation that deals with the applications of ontologies in multiagent. The vision of the semantic web is to let computer software relieve us of much of the burden of locating resources on the web that are relevant to our needs and extracting, integrating and indexing the information contained within. The semantic web will bring structure to the meaningful content of web pages, creating an environment where agents roaming from page to page readily carry out sophisticated tasks for. The w3c web ontology language owl is a semantic web language designed to represent rich and complex knowledge about things, groups of things, and relations between things. The promise of the social semantic web the semantic web as the ideal platform for distributed social networks and social media connect digital identities across networks sameas connect distributed conversations across networks having a profile in one network, and linking it to content elsewhere finegrained access control. Semantic web aims to make web content more accessible to automated processes adds semantic annotations to web resources ontologies provide vocabulary for annotations terms have well defined meaning owl ontology language based on description logic exploits results of basic research on complexity, reasoning, etc. Entities are identified using uris to work in a web setting axioms.
Using owlrdfs for building semantic web applications oracle. This foundational text introduces the standardized knowledge representation languages for modeling ontologies operating at the core of the semantic web. Our internal representation, web pddl, is a strong typed firstorder logic language for web application. In recent years, there has been an uptake of expressing ontologies using ontology languages such as the web ontology language owl. An architecture for ontology learning given the task of constructing and maintaining an ontology for a semantic web application, e.
Ontologies and the semantic web school of informatics. The semantic web stack is an illustration of the hierarchy of languages, where each layer exploits and uses capabilities of the layers below. What are ontologies and what are the benefits of using. In recent years, several markup languages have been developed for realizing the semantic web. Web ontology language owl semantics an owl ontology comprises. Talk outline the semantic web web ontology languages owl reasoning with owl oiled demo.
Then recent approaches, aimed mainly at the semantic web, are described. Although they are all xmlbased web languages, they still have some di. Owl is a computational logicbased language such that knowledge expressed in owl can be exploited by computer programs, e. The vision of a semantic web has recently drawn consider.
They are used in agent systems, knowledge management systems, and ecommerce platforms. The x3d semantic web working group mission is to publish models to the web using x3d in order to best gain web interoperability and enable intelligent 3d applications, feature based 3d model querying, and reasoning over 3d scenes. Thus, the proliferation of ontologies factors largely in the semantic web s success. Indeed, there are books about ontology engineering, but they. The definitions can be categorized into roughly three groups.
The semantic web ontology learning for the semantic web alexander maedche and steffen staab, university of karlsruhe the semantic web relies heavily on formal ontologies to structure data for comprehensive and transportable machine understanding. Semantic web technologies institute for information business. Semantic network at the level of ontology expresses vocabulary that is helpful especially for human, but that still can be usable for machine processing. Ontology languages for the semantic web ontology languages. While the ontology layer of the semantic web is quite developed, and the web ontology language owl is a w3c recommendation since a couple of years already, the rules layer is far less developed and an active area. Ontology learning for the semantic web alexander maedche and steffen staab institute aifb, d76128 karlsruhe, germany. Web ontology language requirements desirable features identified for web ontology language. Ontologies are a formal way to describe taxonomies and classification networks, essentially defining the structure of knowledge for various domains. As rdf 1 and ontology 2 models are based on triplet represen tations. We introduce a novel approach for describing sensors and their capabilities. The lubm 7 is an example of a benchmark for semantic web knowledge. Ontology versioning on the semantic web example of this type of change is the merge of two university departments. In the semantic web vision, this is replaced by a web where both data and its.
However the existing reasoning and consistency checking tools for those languages are primitive. In this section some recent ontology languages, particularly useful for the semantic web, are presented, namely, the extended markup language, the resource description framework, the knowledge annotation initiative, the simple html ontology extensions, the ontology interchange language, and the darpa agent markup language. Although it is required from an ontology to be formally defined, there is no common definition of the term ontology itself. Using a uniform notation for all problems allows us to factor out syntactic and semantic translation problems, and focus on the latter. Description logics as ontology languages for the semantic web. Ontology languages for the semantic web open university.
Semantic network also called concept network is a graph, where vertices represent concepts and where edges represent relations between concepts. Learning object metadata and ontology aware authoring systems are discussed followed by conclusion. Semantic translation is implemented using an inference engine ontoengine which processes. The ontology web language owl is a set of markup languages which are designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information instead of just presenting information to humans the owl ontology describe the hierarchical organization of ideas in a domain, in a way that can be parsed and understood by software. Reasoning support for semantic web ontology family. Major cloud computing platforms, supported programming languages and services. Semantic web, and to discuss the formal foundations of these languages. The formal semantics provides an unambiguous interpretation of the descriptions. Mar 01, 2012 highlighting the technological innovation of semantic web, this paper presents ontology some domain specific languages for ontology construction.
They are used in agent systems, knowledge management systems, and e. Owl has more facilities for expressing meaning and semantics. Providing shareable annotations requires the use of ontologies that describe a common model of a domain. The rapid evolution of semantic web ontology languages was enabled by learning from the experiences in developing existing knowledge representation formalisms and database conceptual models, and by inheriting and extending some of their useful features.
Introduction to ontologies and semantic web tutorial introduction. It is a language for knowledge modeling in artificial intelligence. It can be used with the underlying language and network structure of semantic web. It also shows how semantic web is an extension not replacement of classical hypertext web. Sweet is the largest ontology of earth science concepts. The semantic web services language swsl describes the syntax elements of swsl and its semantic and semantic foundations. Ontology languages, sssw08 4 a semantic web make web resources more accessible to automated processes extend existing rendering markup with semantic markup metadata annotations that describe contentfunction of web accessible resources use ontologies to provide vocabulary for annotations. Short introduction to the semantic web intro semantic web and rdfs a biased introduction 2003, pdf presentation by atanas kiryakov, ceo ontotext ad semantic search book chapter, pdf, 33 pages, jun 2006 further introduction to the semantic web if you have like one day to dedicate to this part, please enjoy. The development process of the semantic web and web ontology. Having large amounts of linguistic data on the web will give.
This site introduces ontologies and semantic web, with the emphasis on how ontologies are defined and used for semantic web applications today more about this site background is here. Talk outline the semantic web web ontology languages owl reasoning with owl oiled demo research challenges owl p. While the number and size of datasets in the semantic web are increasing, there is also a risk for introducing modelling problems, e. Finally, the semantic web ontology creation process, as we envision it, is introduced. Semantic web is a maturing field of technology that continues to be the emphasis of much focused research. Explorers guide to the semantic web, p 4 the semantic web is a vision of the next generation web, which. Ontology is an explicit specification of conceptualization. This paper discusses about the development of semantic web, semantic web technologies and role of ontology in the semantic web.
Ontology learning for the semantic web computer science. Extends existing web standards such as xml, rdf, rdfs easy to understand and use should be based on familiar kr idioms formally specified of adequate expressive power possible to provide automated reasoning support from. The semantic web aims to explicate the meaning of web content by adding semantic annotations that describe the content and function of resources. Dllearnera framework for inductive learning on the. Ontology languages for the semantic web 11 dieter fensel, frank van harmelen and ian horrocks 2. What is ontology introduction to ontologies and semantic. Coding examples from the literature are presented in both sections. It shows how technologies that are standardized for semantic web are organized to make the semantic web possible. Introduction to the semantic web tutorial formal languages the degree of formality of ontology languages varies widely increased formality makes languages more amenable to machine processing e. The web ontology language owl is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies. Ontology languages for the semantic web intelligent systems, ieee. Semantic web for the working ontologist modeling in rdf, rdfs and owl dean allemang james hendler amsterdam boston heidelberg london new york oxford paris san diego san francisco morgan kaufmann publishers is an imprint of elsevier singapore sydney tokyo.
Web compliant ontology languages based on a thoroughly understood theory of underlying knowledge representation formalisms have been and are being standardized for their. Given the task of constructing and maintaining an ontology for a semantic web application, e. A multiontology synthetic benchmark 3 2 related work as mentioned before, except our previous work in 2, there is seldom related work similar to our multiontology semantic web benchmark system. We employed the semantic web technologies resource description framework rdf and web ontology language owl to generate a. A linguistic ontology for the semantic web by scott farrar and terry langendoen 1. Introduction introduction to ontologies and semantic web. Ontology changesdriven semantic re nement of cross. Owl grigoris antoniou frank van harmelen chapter 4 a semantic web primer 2 lecture outline 1. A common claim for all of these approaches is the need for languages to represent the semantic information that this web requiressolving heterogeneous. The semantic web services language swsl is a generalpurpose logical language for specifying semantic web services ontologies swsos, as well as individual web services.
Introduction to semantic web ontology languages 5 maher is an instance of the professor class, then in any possible situation it is necessarily true that michael maher is an academic sta. Semantic web for the working ontologist modeling in rdf, rdfs and owl dean allemang james hendler amsterdam boston heidelberg london new york oxford paris san diego san francisco morgan kaufmann publishers is an imprint of elsevier. In 11, the authors focused on delineating rdfsfa semantics for rdf schema rdfs, which could interoperate with common firstorder languages. Preface to v1 this book is my attempt at providing the rst textbook for an introduction in on tology engineering.
Some application may choose to use very simple vocabularies like the one described in the examples section below, and let a general semantic web environment use that extra information to make the identification of the terms. Journal of computing, volume 2, issue 6, june 2010, issn 2151. Owl web ontology language status published year started 2004 editors mike dean, guus schreiber base standards resource description framework. Thus, the proliferation of ontologies factors largely in the semantic webs success. On the one hand it yields a readily exploitable ontology for semantic web purposes, on the other hand it often returns improved information extraction and natural language understanding means adjusted to the learned ontology, cf. Ontology translation on the semantic web springerlink. Nasa and the semantic web intelligent systems division.
Semantic web, as they are used to ascribe meaning to, and to reason about, data on the web. Nevertheless, a full adoption of semantic web technologies has not been possible on ios so far. The semantic web is based on a set of language such as rdf and owl that can be used to markup the content of web pages. A generic language to describe sensor assets holger neuhausa, michael comptonb a tasmanian ict centre, csiro gpo box 1538, hobart, tas 7001, australia b csiro ict centre gpo box 664, canberra, act 2601, australia abstract. The growing interest in semantic web applications and need to translate information into a machinereadable format create many uses for such applications. This paper provides basic concepts of web services and the semantic web, defines the structure and the main applications of ontology, and provides many relevant terms are explained in order to provide a basic understanding of ontologies. The first topic of ontology applications is the semantic web in which semantic interoperability, metadata and web service ontology are described. Ontology languages for the web semantic web effort led to development of resource description languages e. Owl is a semantic web computational logicbased language, designed to represent rich and complex knowledge about things and the relations between them. Abstract in the current syntactic web, uninterpreted syntactic constructs are given meaning only by private offline agreements that are inaccessible to computers.
Web ontology language owl is the swbased ontology language derived from the combination of the daml darpa agent markup language and the oil ontology inference layer. A multiontology synthetic benchmark for the semantic web. Development of ontology languages, semantic web tools etc. Semantic web language cake the w3c has defined design criteria for semantic web languages, namely. Semantic web technologies for sharing clinical information. Pdf introduction to semantic web ontology languages. To address interoperability challenges associated to cost estimating previous studies are yet. Description logics as ontology languages for the semantic.
The construction of these languages is evolving according to a layered approach to language development, in particular at the level of the ontology vocabulary fig. More simply, an ontology is a way of showing the properties of a subject area and how they are related, by defining a set of concepts and. Web ontology languages will be the main carriers of the information that we will want to share and integrate. Pdf a semantic web ontology for small molecules and their. Some applications need an agreement on common terminologies, without any rigor imposed by a logic system. In computer science and information science, an ontology encompasses a representation, formal naming and definition of the categories, properties and relations between the concepts, data and entities that substantiate one, many or all domains of discourse. Although in computer science ontologies are a rather new field of study, certain accomplishments can already be reported from the current situation in ontology research. Ontology languages, sssw08 4 a semantic web make web resources more accessible to automated processes extend existing rendering markup with semantic markup metadata annotations that describe contentfunction of web accessible resources use ontologies to. University of dublin trinity college introduction to web ontology language owl owen. Web ontology language owl world wide web consortium. The aim of this chapter is to give a general introduction to some of the ontology languages that play a prominent role on the semantic web, and to discuss the formal foundations of these languages.
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